In the desert settlement of Fassala-Dounkara in southern Mauritania, hundreds of displaced Malian families are living in makeshift tents after fleeing escalating violence across the border in Mali.
The camp, where the population has more than tripled, is filled with families who escaped ongoing clashes involving the Malian army, allied Russian fighters from the Africa Corps, and armed groups linked to al-Qaeda, ISIL, and separatist movements in the north seeking autonomy for Azawad.
Much of the fighting has been concentrated in northern Mali, an area long affected by insurgency and separatist conflict. Armed groups such as Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) continue to expand influence, funding operations through local taxation and control of illicit resources, while also clashing with government forces and rival militias.
For civilians, the consequences have been devastating. According to the UN refugee agency, more than 120,000 Malians have fled into Mauritania since late 2025, escaping violence that includes attacks on villages, drone strikes, killings, and widespread reports of sexual violence.
Many survivors now living in Fassala-Dounkara say they are battling severe psychological trauma after witnessing or enduring extreme violence. They report symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, and recurring nightmares, while some also say they are suffering long-term health complications.
However, access to mental health care remains extremely limited. Mauritania has fewer than 10 psychiatrists for a population of over four million, and aid organisations say bureaucratic delays and language barriers are slowing efforts to bring in additional psychosocial support.
Humanitarian workers warn that the lack of mental health services is deepening the crisis for displaced families already struggling with loss, displacement, and uncertainty about the future.
Despite their conditions, many refugees say being able to share their experiences offers some relief, but they stress that what they need most is protection, justice, and long-term support as the conflict in Mali continues with no clear end in sight.
